Carthage vs. Rome: Punic Wars (264–146 BC)
Carthage and Rome clashed in Spain for dominance during the Punic Wars. The battles were fierce, with both sides vying for control of strategic territories in the region.

Muslim Conquest (711–718 AD)
In the early 8th century, Muslim forces launched a swift conquest of Spain, establishing the Umayyad Caliphate. This marked the beginning of Islamic rule in the Iberian Peninsula.

Reconquista (718–1492 AD)
The Reconquista spanned centuries as Christian kingdoms sought to reclaim Spain from Muslim rule. It was a complex series of battles, sieges, and alliances that shaped the course of Spanish history.

Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa (1212 AD)
A pivotal moment in the Reconquista, the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa saw Christian forces decisively defeat the Almohad Caliphate. This victory paved the way for further Christian advances in Spain.

Kingdom of Aragon vs. Kingdom of Castile
Aragon and Castile, two powerful Christian kingdoms, often found themselves at odds over territory and influence in Spain. Their conflicts shaped the political landscape of the Iberian Peninsula.

Granada War (1482–1492 AD)
The Granada War marked the final stage of the Reconquista, culminating in the fall of the Emirate of Granada. This event unified Spain under the Catholic Monarchs, Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

Spanish Succession War (1701–1714 AD)
The Spanish Succession War erupted over the succession to the Spanish throne. European powers fought for control, leading to widespread conflict in Spain and its territories.

Transition to Democracy
Following Franco’s death in 1975, Spain embarked on a transition to democracy. This marked a significant turning point in Spanish history, leading to the establishment of a modern democratic state.